Many years ago a professor named mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y mcgregors theory x and. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. Yet the effect of xy attitudes on job performance has never been empirically demonstrated. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202.
Mcgregors famous distinction between theory x and theory y. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Mcclelland s need for achievement underlies maslow s selfactualization. You are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors.
Managements action of motivating human beings in the organization, according to mcgregor, involves certain assumptions, generalizations and hypothesis relating to human behavior and human nature. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on behavior of individuals at work, and he has formulated two models which he calls theory x and theory y. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. This lesson goes over these additional learning goals. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. These managers assume that people dont enjoy work in fact, they would surely avoid doing it. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. These theories describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation in human resource. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theory x belief that people are lazy, thus they must be micromanaged, watched, andor threatened to get to perform theory y views people as selfmotivated and want to achieve, thus they can direct own efforts with managements role to develop their potential mcgregors x and y theory. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation.
Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives. Theory x managers believe that their employees come to work just to earn a living, and that they dont want to take on new responsibilities. Mcgregor s ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. From this experience the greater formulated two sets of assumptions about human nature theory x, which is a pessimistic view of employees and theory y which is a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work. Leaders know best, and should closely direct actions taken by staff, with little room for independence and responsibility. Theory x states that employees dislike and try to avoid work, so they must be coerced into doing it. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavio. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. Based entirely on fact, the film utilizes stock footage and features eyewitnesses who serve to recreate the startling event. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
Managers tend to believe one or the other and treat their employees accordingly. Mcgregor s theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. It is based on the assumption that selfdirection, selfcontrol, and maturity control motivation. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. Douglas mcgregor proposed two different motivational theories. The average man is by nature, lazy he works as little as possible. Hereafter, we refer to mcgregors theorizing as theory xy. Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Instead, maslow advocated an improved version of theory y which involved an element of structured security and direction taken from theory x. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees.
His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Mcgregors theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. But what about rankand file employees in todays economy. Mcgregors theory y matches much of maslows selfactualization level of motivation.
This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Download the relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Gradual identity transformation in charles mcgregors prison. They can be signed electronically, and you can easily view pdf files on windows or mac os using the free acrobat reader dc software. Mcgregor s theory y matches much of maslow s selfactualization level of motivation. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people.
In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Mcgregors theory x, y and ouchis z motivation self. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Mcclellands need for achievement underlies maslows selfactualization. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. Mcgregors theory x and theory y in this theory that states that douglas mcgregor wrote a book entitled the human side of enterprise. Mcgregor theory x and y pdf the xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are adaptations of mcgregors ideas for modern organizations, management and.
Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. Mcgregor s x y theory is a natural rule for managing people. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Pdf on nov 1, 2017, mohammad saiful islam and others published application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. If we relate this theory to maslows hierarchy of needs, we see that theory x relates to lower order needs dominating peoples motivation and theory y is dominated by the higher order needs. Read online the relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, thomas mcgregor started his business and given its name as, mcgregor institute. Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory x type organizations seemed to believe. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y biography of douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born on 1906 in detroit, america.
Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals. The work of douglas mcgregor, 2 application of the theory the thoroughly dramatic plot by members of hitlers staff to exterminate their leader is painstakingly spelled out in this film. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization goals are congruent with the main planks in. Organizational communication channel 118,677 views. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. This is the idea behind douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y.
Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. The present research investigates whether xy attitudes and xy behaviorsexamined as two distinct constructsare. Mcgregor suggests that theory y is the best approach to motivate and influence employees in an organisation. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Mcgregor maintained that there two fundamental approaches to managing people. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y essay 847 words 4 pages. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both.
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